Who was Guillaume Apollinaire?
Guillaume Apollinaire was an Italian-born French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic born in Rome, in Italy, to a Polish mother.
Among the foremostpoets of the early 20th century, he is credited with coining the word Surrealism and writing one of the earliestworksdescribed as surrealist, the play The Breasts of Tiresias. Two yearsafterbeingwounded in World War I, he died in the Spanish flu pandemic of at age
- Born
- Aug 25,
Rome - Also known as
- Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki
- Guillelmus Apollinaris De Kostrowitzki
- Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz Apollinaris de Wąż-Kostrowicky
- Wilhelm Albert Vladimir Apollonaris de Kostrowicki
- Parents
- Spouses
- Ethnicity
- Nationality
- Profession
- Lived in
- Died
- Nov 9,
Paris - Resting place
- Père Lachaise Cemetery
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on July 23,
Apollinaire, Guillaume
BORN: , Rome
DIED: , Paris
NATIONALITY: French, Italian
GENRE: Poetry, drama, nonfiction
MAJOR WORKS:
Alcools ()
The Cubist Painters ()
The Breasts of Tiresias ()
Caligrammes ()
Overview
Guillaume Apollinaire is known as a leader in the development of avant-garde artistic movements in Europe, and as the person who coined the word “surrealism.” In his brief but prolific career, he produced innovative poetry and theater, and influential works of criticism and literary theory. He became a legend for his artistic daring and his flamboyant, bohemian personality.
Works in Biographical and Historical Context
A Cosmopolitan Childhood Apollinaire was born in Rome on August 26, , under the name Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitsky. He was born out of wedlock to a poor Polish noblewoman and an Italian army officer, who abandoned Apollinaire's mother soon after the boy's birth. He spent his youth moving around the French Riviera with his gambling mother and a younger brother. During this difficult but exciting childhood, he learned several languages, developing a cosmopolitan outlook and an interest in literature. He attended schools in Mo
Guillaume Apollinaire
| French writer Date of Birth: Country: France |
Content:
- Early Life and Influences
- Literary Beginnings
- "Alcools" and Poetic Innovation
- Calligrams and Artistic Revolution
- Legacy and Impact
Early Life and Influences
Guillame Apollinaire, born as Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky in Rome, was the illegitimate son of an Italian officer and a Polish noblewoman. His early years were spent in Monaco and then Paris, where he became immersed in the avant-garde art and literary scene.
Literary Beginnings
Apollinaire began his writing career using the pseudonym Guillame Apollinaire. For financial reasons, he penned pornographic novels, including the infamous "Les onze mille verges," which reinterpreted the works of the Marquis de Sade. His first significant literary work was 's "L'enchanteur pourrissant," which explored themes of love, the blending of reality and "superreality," and the paradoxical nature of truth and falsehood.
"Alcools" and Poetic Innovation
In , Apollinaire published "Alcools," a groundbreaking collection of poems that reflected the intoxicating qualities of the modern world. Inspired by cubism, he combined elements
Biography Guillaume Apollinaire
- Time Period -
- PlaceRome
- CountryItaly
Poet Biography
Born Wilhelm Albert Wlodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki and raised speaking French, among other languages, he emigrated to France and adopted the name Guillaume Apollinaire. His mother, born Angelica Kostrowicka, was a Polish noblewoman born near Navahrudak (now in Belarus). Apollinaire's father is unknown but may have been Francesco Flugi d'Aspermont, a Swiss Italian aristocrat who disappeared early from Apollinaire's life. Apollinaire was partly educated in Monaco. Apollinaire was one of the most popular members of the artistic community of Montparnasse in Paris. His friends and collaborators in that period included Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein, Max Jacob, André Salmon, Marie Laurencin, André Breton, André Derain, Faik Konica, Blaise Cendrars, Pierre Reverdy, Alexandra Exter, Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie, Ossip Zadkine, Marc Chagall and Marcel Duchamp. In , he joined the Puteaux Group, a branch of the cubist movement. On September 7, , police arrested and jailed him on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa, but released him a week later. Apollinaire then implicated his friend PabBiographies you may also like
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