ROUSSEAU Henri () (d’après)
Henri ROUSSEAU (Henri Julien Félix Rousseau) dit Le Douanier Rousseau est né le 21 mai à Laval dans la maison familiale et mort le 2 septembre de gangrène à la jambe à l'hôpital Necker à Paris. Peintre français. il est considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf.
Issu d'une famille modeste, il étudie le droit avant de partir à Paris, où il travaille à l'octroi. Cette position lui vaut son surnom de « douanier ».Il apprend lui-même la peinture et produit un grand nombre de toiles, qui représentent souvent des paysages de jungle. Il n'a pourtant jamais quitté la France. Son inspiration provient surtout de livres illustrés des jardins botaniques et de rencontres avec des soldats qui avaient participé à l'intervention française au Mexique.
Ses toiles montrent une technique élaborée, mais leur aspect enfantin lui a valu beaucoup de moqueries. Habitué du Salon des indépendants, il commence à recevoir des critiques positives à partir de , et rencontre quelques autres artistes à la fin de sa vie, comme Marie Laurencin, Robert Delaunay, Paul Signac, Guillaume Apollinaire, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Alexandre Cabanel, Edgar Degas, William Bougu
Henri Rousseau ()
Customs Officer
The French painter Henri Rousseau was born in Laval, of petty bourgeois parents. He served in the French army (he was a clarinettist in the regimental band at Caen) for four years. He never in fact went to Mexico or served in the Franco-Prussian War (), as he later claimed to have done. In , he settled in Paris, where he eventually obtained a post as gatekeeper in the customs-house at the city gate (his nickname "Le Douanier", "The Customs Officer", rather overstates his office). In , he resigned this post, took odd jobs such as painting inn-signs and devoted more time to his own painting.
Primitivism
Entirely self-taught as an artist, Rousseau did not in fact turn to art until relatively late in life. His first known work is Landscape With a Watermill (), painted when he was Although his work was that of a primitive or "Sunday Painter", his own pretensions were to rival the Salon favourites of the day. Ironically, however, his work attracted the attention of the avant-garde: first Redon and Toulouse-Lautrec, then Alfred Jarry, and finally, in his last years, Picasso and Apollinaire. What he possessed
Books by Henri Rousseau
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Henri Rousseau
Nicknamed "Le Douanier" ("the customs officer"), Henri Rousseau () was in his early forties when he finally embraced his métier in painting, arriving with his independently achieved realism fully formed. Like Erik Satie, whom he resembles in what Roger Shattuck memorably called "tranquil self-confidence," Rousseau straddles the Parisian avant gardes at the turn of the century, admired by Redon, Gauguin, Jarry and Degas at the outset of his career, and championed by Picasso, Apollinaire and Delaunay towards its close. Rousseau's style was derisively dubbed "Primitivism" by the press, but its lucid unity of limpid color and eerily serene definition was sophisticated in its simplicity, as his early advocates knew. Happily, Rousseau was so steeped in his vision that he could not be diverted from itApollinaire wrote that "Rousseau had so strong a sense of reality that when he painted a fantastic subject, he sometimes took fright and, trembling all over, had to open the window." With 80 color illustrations, this book commemorates the hundredth anniversary of the artist's death, placing at its core Rousseau's fascination with the frictions between a domesticated We
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