Publius Terentius After (Terence)
Circa b.c.e.
Freed slave, playwright
Sources
Good Fortune. Born B.C.E. or earlier in Carthage, brought to Rome as a slave, educated and set free by Titus Terentius Lucanus, Terence was befriended by Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus. Scipio championed Greek literature at Rome and included a number of authors among his group of friends, which came to be known as the “Scipionic circle.” Terence wrote six comedies between and B.C.E., which met with less success than Plautus’s. His Hecyra failed twice before its final production in B.C.E. He died in B.C.E. on a study tour of Greece and Asia Minor, allegedly in a shipwreck. Although he is the first Roman author of whom there is an ancient biography, wild anecdotes about him abound: Terence is said to have translated Greek comedies on his final voyage; another story tells of his bequeathing a property to his daughter so that she could marry a Roman knight. It is even claimed that his friend Scipio wrote all his comedies.
Sources
Walter E. Forehand, Terence (Boston: Twayne, ).
Sander M. Goldberg, Understanding Terence (Princeton: Princeton University Press, ).
Terence
Terence ( B.C.), or Publius Terentius Afer, was a Roman comic playwright. As a translator and adapter of the Greek New Comedy, produced about B.C., he gave near-perfect form and expression in Latin to the comedy of manners.
Information about the life of Terence is based mainly on two sources: the prologues of Terence's plays, in which he defends himself against hostile criticism, and a life of Terence written by Suetonius (ca. A.D. ca. ) and preserved in Donatus's commentary on the plays of Terence.
The prologues provide few facts, and the brief biography is filled with contradictions. Suetonius, like other ancient biographers, gathered his information from earlier sources and undoubtedly filled out the account with inferences from Terence's plays, conventional themes, and anecdotes.
Basically accepted by most scholars is that Terence was born in Carthage and brought to Rome as a slave while quite young. Since Carthage and Rome were at peace during this period, Terence's master, Senator Terentius Lucanus, acquired him by purchase rather than as a captive in war. The youth was then educated and manumitted. Terence is described as medium in stature, graceful in pe
Living Poets
m = reading of part of the MS tradition
P = reading on a papyrus
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1 Publius Terentius After, Carthagine natus, seruiuit Romae Terentio Lucano senatori, a quo ob ingenium et formam non institutus modo liberaliter, sed et mature manu missus est. quidam captum esse existimant: quod fieri nullo modo potuisse Fenestella docet, cum inter finem secundi Punici belli et initium tertii <et> <et> Ritschl natus sit et mortuus: nec, si a Numidis uel Gaetulis captus sit, ad ducemad ducem M: ad dominum Gronov Romanum peruenire potuisse nullo commercio inter Italicos et Afros nisi post deletam Carthaginem coepto.
1 Publius Terentius Afer, born at Carthage, was the slave at Rome of the senator Terentius Lucanus, who on account of Terence’s talent and good looks not only educated him in the liberal arts but also freed him early on. Some think that he was taken captive in war: Fenestella shows that this could not have happened, as he was born and died between the end of the Second Punic war and the beginning of the Third; and even if he had been captured by Numidians or Gaetulians, he could not have passed int
Terence
Publius Terentius Afer, better known as Terence, was an African Roman playwright during the Roman Republic[1†]. His comedies were performed for the first time around – BC[1†]. Terence was born in or near Carthage or in Greek Italy to a woman taken to Carthage as a slave[1†]. His cognomen Afer suggests he lived in the territory of the Libyan tribe called by the Romans Afri near Carthage prior to being brought to Rome as a slave[1†].
Early Years and Education
Publius Terentius Afer, known as Terence, was born around or BC[1†][2†][3†][4†]. His exact birth date is disputed, with some sources suggesting BC[1†][3†], while others propose BC[1†][5†]. He was born in or near Carthage or in Greek Italy to a woman taken to Carthage as a slave[1†]. His cognomen Afer suggests he lived in the territory of the Libyan tribe called by the Romans Afri near Carthage prior to being brought to Rome as a slave[1†]. However, it is also possible that ancient biographers’ reports that Terence was born in Africa are an inference from his name and not independent biographical information[1†].
Terence was brought to Rome as a slave by Terentius Lucanus, an otherwise unknown Roman senator who was
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